| CAS No.: | 64-18-6 |
|---|---|
| Formula: | CH2o2 |
| EINECS: | 200-579-1 |
| Carboxyl No.: | Dicarboxylic Acid |
| Alkyl No.: | Saturated Acid |
| Appearance: | Liquid |
| Samples: |
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| Customization: |
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Formic Acid (from Latin formica 'ant'), systematically named Methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. Esters, salts and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from methanol.
(1) Quickly and timely response
(2) Quick and professional Delivery of chemicals(1) Agriculture
A major use of formic acid is as preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. In Europe, it is applied on silage, including fresh hay, to promote the fermentation of lactic acid and to suppress the formation of butyric acid; it also allows fermentation to occur quickly, and at a lower temperature, reducing the loss of nutritional value. Formic acid arrests certain decay processes and causes the feed to retain its nutritive value longer, and so it is widely used to preserve winter feed for cattle. In the poultry industry, it is sometimes added to feed to kill E. coli bacteria. Use as a preservative for silage and (other) animal feed constituted 30% of the global consumption in 2009.
Beekeepers use formic acid as a miticide against the tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) and the Varroa destructor mite and Varroa jacobsoni mite.
(2) Energy
Formic acid can be used in a fuel cell (it can be used directly in formic acid fuel cells and indirectly in hydrogen fuel cells).
Electrolytic conversion of electrical energy to chemical fuel has been proposed as a large-scale source of formate by various groups. The formate could be used as feed to modified E. coli bacteria for producing biomass. Natural microbes do exist that can feed on formic acid or formate (see Methylotroph).
Formic acid has been considered as a means of hydrogen storage. The co-product of this decomposition, carbon dioxide, can be rehydrogenated back to formic acid in a second step. Formic acid contains 53 g/L hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, which is three and a half times as much as compressed hydrogen gas can attain at 350 bar pressure (14.7 g/L). Pure formic acid is a liquid with a flash point of +69 °C, much higher than that of gasoline (−40 °C) or ethanol (+13 °C).[citation needed]
It is possible to use formic acid as an intermediary to produce isobutanol from CO2 using microbes.
(3) Soldering
Formic acid has a potential application in soldering. Due to its capacity to reduce oxide layers, formic acid gas can be blasted at an oxide surface to increase solder wettability.
(4) Chromatography
Formic acid used as a volatile pH modifier in HPLC and capillary electrophoresis. Formic acid is often used as a component of mobile phase in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis and separation techniques for the separation of hydrophobic macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins and more complex structures including intact viruses. Especially when paired with mass spectrometry detection, formic acid offers several advantages over the more traditionally used phosphoric acid.
(5) Other uses
Formic acid is also significantly used in the production of leather, including tanning (23% of the global consumption in 2009), and in dyeing and finishing textiles (9% of the global consumption in 2009) because of its acidic nature. Use as a coagulant in the production of rubber consumed 6% of the global production in 2009.
Formic acid is also used in place of mineral acids for various cleaning products, such as limescale remover and toilet bowl cleaner. Some formate esters are artificial flavorings and perfumes.
Formic acid application has been reported to be an effective treatment for warts.
| Analysis items | Standards | Test results | |
| Appearance | Clear and free of suspended matter | Clear and free of suspended matter | |
| Formic acid purity % | ≥85% | 85.40% | |
| Dilution Test(Acid:water=1:3) | Clear | Clear | |
| Chloride(Cl-)max % | ≤0.002 | 0.0003 | |
| Sulfate(SO42-)max % | ≤0.001 | 0.0002 | |
| Iron % | ≤0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| Evaporation Residue(max) % | ≤0.006 | 0.003 | |
| Result | Approved | ||
mice were injected orally and intravenously with LD50:1100 mg/kg, 145mg/kg. Inhalation of formic acid vapor can severely irritate the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth and cause inflammation. With strong corrosive, irritating, can cause human body burns. The concentration of formic acid in the workplace is allowed to be 5g/m3. When dealing with Concentrated formic acid, protection must be provided, eyes and skin contact with formic acid, should be immediately washed with water. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place. Keep away from fire and heat source. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from the oxidant, alkali.
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