Sulfuric acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2SO4 and is the most important oxygen-containing acid of sulfur. Pure sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid that crystallizes at 10.36°C. Its aqueous solutions of various concentrations are usually used and are produced by the tower method and the contact method. The former yields crude dilute sulfuric acid, with a mass fraction of generally around 75%; the latter yields concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 98.3%, with a boiling point of 338°C and a relative density of 1.84.
Sulfuric acid is the most active binary inorganic strong acid and can react with most metals. High-concentration sulfuric acid has strong water absorption and can be used as a dehydrating agent to carbonize carbohydrate-containing substances such as wood, paper, cotton and linen fabrics, and biological skins. When mixed with water, it also releases a large amount of heat energy. It is highly corrosive and oxidizing, so use it with caution. It is an important industrial raw material that can be used to make fertilizers, drugs, explosives, pigments, detergents, batteries, etc. It is also widely used in petroleum purification, metal smelting, dyes and other industries. Commonly used as chemical reagents, dehydrating agents and sulfonating agents in organic synthesis
1. Metallurgy and petroleum industry
Used in the metallurgical industry and metal processing In the metallurgical industry sector, especially the production process of non-ferrous metals requires the use of sulfuric acid. Before cold rolling, cold drawing and stamping processing in the steel industry, the iron oxide on the steel surface must be removed with sulfuric acid.
2. In the production process of petroleum products such as gasoline and lubricants in the petroleum industry, concentrated sulfuric acid refining is required to remove sulfur-containing compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
3. In concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid is used as the dehydrating agent; in the chlor-alkali industry, concentrated sulfuric acid is used to dry chlorine, hydrogen chloride, etc.; in the inorganic salt industry, sulfuric acid is used. Many inorganic acids and organic acids often require sulfuric acid as raw material.
4. It can be used as hard water softener, ion exchange regenerant, pH adjuster, oxidant and detergent, etc.
5. It can also be used in the manufacture of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, dyes, pigments, plastics, chemical fibers, explosives and various sulfates. It is widely used in petroleum refining, non-ferrous metal smelting, steel pickling, tanning process, coking industry, light textile industry, and national defense industry. Strong acidic cleaning corrosive agent. It is mainly used for silicon wafer cleaning in the integrated circuit manufacturing process.
6. The viscose yarn used in the production of chemical fibers, which is familiar to the people, requires the use of a mixture of sulfuric acid, zinc sulfate, and sodium sulfate as the coagulation bath for viscose spinning. A considerable amount of sulfuric acid is also used in the production of chemical fibers such as nylon, acetate fiber, and polyacrylonitrile fiber.
7. Used in the production of polymer compounds other than chemical fibers to produce plastics and other polymer compounds.
8. Plasticizers for plastics, the manufacture of cellophane and parchment, textile printing and dyeing industry, enamel industry, hardware industry, soap industry, artificial flavoring industry and other production departments also need to use sulfuric acid.
9. Sulfuric acid is required for the sulfonation reaction in the preparation process of sulfa drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and the nitration reaction in the preparation process of the powerful fungicide nitrofurazone.
10. In agricultural production, sulfuric acid is increasingly used to improve calcareous soil with high pH value. Simply lowering the pH of the soil can cause changes in the solubility of many elements, increasing their effectiveness to plants. Applying sulfuric acid to calcareous soils with high pH results in stronger plants and increased harvests.
11. Used in the production of fertilizers. The production of both ammonium sulfate (commonly known as ammonium sulfate or fertilizer powder) and superphosphate (commonly known as superphosphate lime or superphosphate) consumes a large amount of sulfuric acid.
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Sulfuric acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2SO4 and is the most important oxygen-containing acid of sulfur. Pure sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid that crystallizes at 10.36°C. Its aqueous solutions of various concentrations are usually used and are produced by the tower method and the contact method. The former yields crude dilute sulfuric acid, with a mass fraction of generally around 75%; the latter yields concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 98.3%, with a boiling point of 338°C and a relative density of 1.84.
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