Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear polymer with the chemical formula (C3H5NO)n. It is a hard glassy solid at room temperature. Its products include glue, latex, white powder, translucent beads and flakes, etc. Good thermal stability. It can be dissolved in water in any proportion, and the aqueous solution is a uniform and transparent liquid. After long-term storage, the viscosity of the solution will decrease due to the slow degradation of the polymer, especially when the storage and transportation conditions are poor. [1] Polyacrylamide is used as a lubricant, suspending agent, clay stabilizer, oil displacing agent, water loss reducing agent and thickener in drilling, acidification, fracturing, water plugging, cementing and secondary and tertiary oil recovery. It is widely used in oilfield chemicals and is an extremely important oilfield chemical.
A. Main role in water treatment:
(1) Reduce the dosage of flocculant. On the premise of achieving the same water quality, polyacrylamide can be used as a coagulant aid in conjunction with other flocculants, which can greatly reduce the amount of flocculants used.
(2) Improve water quality. In drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater treatment, polyacrylamide can be used in conjunction with inorganic flocculants to significantly improve water quality;
(3) Improve floc strength and settling speed. The floc formed by polyacrylamide has high strength and good settling performance, thereby increasing the solid-liquid separation speed and conducive to sludge dehydration;
(4) Anti-corrosion and anti-scaling of the circulating cooling system. The use of polyacrylamide can greatly reduce the amount of inorganic flocculant, thereby avoiding the deposition of inorganic substances on the surface of the equipment and slowing down the corrosion and scaling of the equipment.
B. Application in oil production
Polyacrylamide is a multifunctional oilfield chemical treatment agent that is widely used in drilling, cementing, completion, workover, fracturing, acidification, water injection, water plugging and profile control, and tertiary oil recovery operations, especially It is in the fields of drilling, water plugging and profile control and tertiary oil recovery. Polyacrylamide aqueous solution has high viscosity, good thickening, flocculation and rheology adjustment effects, and is used as oil displacement agent and drilling mud conditioner in oil production. In the middle and later stages of oil exploration, in order to improve crude oil recovery, my country currently mainly promotes polymer flooding and ternary composite flooding technologies. By injecting polyacrylamide aqueous solution, the oil-water velocity ratio is improved, thereby increasing the crude oil content in the produced material. Adding polyacrylamide to tertiary oil recovery can increase oil displacement capacity, avoid oil layer breakdown, and improve oil bed recovery yield. China's petroleum industry is the largest user of polyacrylamide. The technological progress of polyacrylamide has promoted the development of China's petroleum industry. The demand of the petroleum industry has accelerated the pace of polyacrylamide's technological innovation and the development of the industry.
C, Papermaking field
Polyacrylamide is widely used in the papermaking field as retention aids, filter aids, leveling agents, etc. to improve paper quality, slurry dehydration performance, retention of fine fibers and fillers, and reduce raw material consumption and environmental pollution. Used as a dispersant to improve paper uniformity. Polyacrylamide is mainly used in two aspects in the paper industry. One is to increase the retention rate of fillers, pigments, etc. to reduce the loss of raw materials and environmental pollution; the other is to improve the strength of paper. Adding polyacrylamide to the paper stock can improve the retention rate of fine fibers and filler particles on the web and accelerate the dehydration of the paper stock. The mechanism of action of polyacrylamide is that the particles in the slurry are flocculated and retained on the filter cloth through electrical neutralization or bridging. The formation of floc can also make the water in the slurry easier to filter out, reducing the loss of fiber in white water, reducing environmental pollution, and improving the efficiency of filtration and sedimentation equipment.
D, medical materials
Polyacrylamide gel can be used as non-thrombin granulating agent, raw material for surgery, contact lenses, outer coating material of microcapsules, and used to manufacture high-quality hemostatic plugs, women's sanitary napkins and children's diapers, etc. Polyacrylamide with a particle size of several hundred microns to tens of microns can be used as chromatography packing (such as gel chromatography column packing), which can effectively separate globular proteins such as cytochromes. It can further desalt and concentrate proteins. The polyacrylamide resin undergoes Mannich reaction, introducing L-proline or L-hydroxyproline through the methylene bridge on the amide side chain, and then coordinates with copper ions to obtain a chiral ligand resin. Series of DL-amino acids for efficient separation. The chiral amino acids on the polyvinylamine resin obtained by Hofmann degradation are then complexed with copper ions. As the stationary phase of ligand exchange chromatography, a series of amino acids can be resolved, and the separation effect of aromatic amino acids is particularly good. Due to the structure of the skeleton, Strong hydrophilicity, greatly shortening the splitting time
E, other industries
In the food industry, it is used for cane juice clarification and syrup phosphorus flotation extraction in the production of cane sugar and beet sugar. Enzyme preparation fermentation liquid flocculation and clarification industry is also used for the recovery of feed protein, with stable quality and good performance. The recovered protein powder has no adverse effects on the survival rate, weight gain and egg production of chickens. It is used in synthetic resin coatings and civil engineering grouting materials. Water, building materials industry, improving cement quality, construction industry adhesives, caulking repair and water blocking agents, soil improvement, electroplating industry, printing and dyeing industry, etc.
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Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear polymer with the chemical formula (C3H5NO)n. It is a hard glassy solid at room temperature. Its products include glue, latex, white powder, translucent beads and flakes, etc. Good thermal stability. It can be dissolved in water in any proportion, and the aqueous solution is a uniform and transparent liquid. After long-term storage, the viscosity of the solution will decrease due to the slow degradation of the polymer, especially when the storage and transportation conditions are poor. [1] Polyacrylamide is used as a lubricant, suspending agent, clay stabilizer, oil displacing agent, water loss reducing agent and thickener in drilling, acidification, fracturing, water plugging, cementing and secondary and tertiary oil recovery. It is widely used in oilfield chemicals and is an extremely important oilfield chemical.
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